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The textbook story says barter came first, then commodity money, then credit. The archaeological record tells a different story. A short walkthrough of how Mesopotamia, Egypt, and early China ran sophisticated debt-based economies thousands of years before coins existed - and why money, at its core, is information about who owes what to whom, not the physical token in your hand.

Anthropic's draft filing shows $16.3B of first-half sales, but some investors want a $1.5T value, not $2T.

Arda Industries, founded by ex-OpenAI research chief Bob McGrew, emerged from stealth with $232M to build automated robotic assembly lines for US manufacturing.

OpenAI acquired Orchestra Bio, a four-year-old startup whose AI agents run drug-discovery operations. It had raised about $20M from a16z, Atria and 8VC.

Albert Invent raised a $55M Series B from Coatue, TCV and J.P. Morgan, among others, for a chemistry-focused AI operating system for R&D.

If a government can print money, why doesn't it just print enough to pay off every debt and end every shortage? A short walkthrough of why scarcity is the load-bearing feature of every functioning currency, how all three jobs of money break the moment supply goes infinite, and why hyperinflations from Weimar to Zimbabwe to Venezuela all follow the same script - deficit, printing, inflation, confidence collapse, abandonment.

Stablecoin and fiat accounts startup Mural raised a $15M Series A led by Tether, bringing its total funding to $28M.

German warm-chain logistics tech company Cellbox Solutions completed the final closing of its €5M Series A.

Governments declare what counts as legal tender. Markets decide what counts as money. Most of the time the two overlap so neatly we forget they're separate - and then a hyperinflation hits and the gap becomes the only thing that matters. A short walkthrough of why legal tender laws only force acceptance for debts, why governments can't legislate something into being money, and why functional currency requires both legal force and voluntary trust.

Swiss biotech Nouscom raised a €120M Series D for its cancer-prevention immunotherapy for Lynch syndrome.

Kapital acquired the AI startup Woz for $30M to strengthen its banking platform.

When economists say 'the money supply', they don't mean one number - they mean a stack of them. M0, M1, M2: each layer captures money at a different distance from immediate spending, and each behaves differently in a crisis. A short walkthrough of what these categories actually contain, why central banks can directly control some and only nudge others, and why M2 is the number inflation is measured against.

Brent crude holds near $110 as Washington sends a third aircraft carrier to the Middle East, Hormuz traffic falls about 70% and Iran talks remain unscheduled.

The same dollar can buy ten different things in a year - or sit in an account doing nothing. The difference is velocity, and it's the missing variable that explains why printing money sometimes causes inflation and sometimes doesn't. A short walkthrough of the equation MV = PQ, why a dollar changes hands four-to-ten times a year in healthy economies, why velocity crashes during recessions, and what the wild swings of 2020–2021 actually showed us.

Boomi agreed to buy the data-observability startup Elementary Data for more than $40M.